Background : Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as the presence of structural or functional abnormalities of one or both kidneys that have been present for at least three months. It is not a single disease but results from various causes such as infections, inflammation, reduced blood flow, obstructions or inherited conditions. Often the exact cause is unknown. Despite its varied origins, several risk factors are linked to how the disease progresses and affects survival. Aim of the article : This article aims to provide an overview of the diagnosis and treatment of CKD in dogs.
Mullowney et al. (Tue,) studied this question.