A Review: Organic Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds and Their Pharmaceutical Therapeutic Applications

Nowadays, the organic synthesis of chemical compounds has become one of the most important fields for chemical specialists in order to prepare various compounds and use them in various fields, including medical, industrial, agricultural, pesticides, water treatment, and other various applications. The complete synthesis of compounds requires a deep understanding of both carbon-carbon bonds formation and functional group conversion processes. Functional group modification represents the majority of chemical processes that occur during the synthesis process. A comprehensive understanding of both carbon–carbon bond formation and functional group conversion processes is essential for the complete organic synthesis of molecules. The majority of chemical processes used in organic synthesis involve modification of functional groups. The most important benefits of organic synthesis are the preparation of heterocyclic organic compounds and their use as medical therapeutic agents for the treatment of various diseases, as well as the possibility of using others as analgesic agents for diseases. According to what was mentioned, this review will review many of the different chemical methods that have been used in organic synthesis to prepare heterocyclic compounds, with a presentation of their medical and pharmaceutical effectiveness against some different diseases.