Polymers and the eco-design transformation. A cosmetic perspective

Polymers are used for a range of purposes in many cosmetic products on account of their unique mechanical and physicochemical properties and diverse macromolecular structures. To ensure sustainable innovation and reduce the environmental footprint, it is essential to focus on the development of a wide range of eco-friendly polymers, allowing these ingredients to be incorporated into cosmetic formulations without compromising cosmetic performance and safety, and ensuring that products remain affordable for consumers worldwide. To this end, eco-design requirements must be integrated into all stages of the polymer life cycle, from the sustainable sourcing of raw materials and environmentally friendly manufacturing processes, to the final degradation of cosmetic ingredients. The review describes the key methodologies and tools that can be used for the eco-design of polymers and sets out a selection of physicochemical methods necessary to ensure properties appropriate for cosmetic applications. Concrete examples of polysaccharides capable of protecting the hair or enhancing the appearance of the skin illustrate the importance of achieving performance requirements in multiple areas: ingredients and formulas, environmental factors, economic performance, and safety.