The internet multinational corporations constitute both beneficiaries and engines of economic globalization. In the digital era, however, their dependence on cross-border data flows increasingly confronts constraints arising from divergent national and regional regulatory regimes. This paper investigates how multinationals may comply with heterogeneous data security laws while simultaneously safeguarding trade secrets, thereby preserving competitive advantage. It examines the legal risks inherent in international data flows by drawing on case-law experiences and analyzes prospective strategies for reconciling regulatory compliance with the sustainable use of cross-border data in corporate practice. The findings suggest that a balanced approach, which integrates regulatory compliance and sustainable data use, is essential for mitigating legal risks and promoting the effective utilization of cross-border data. Ultimately, the paper seeks to contribute to a deeper understanding of how MNCs can maintain stable operations under fragmented legal systems, while advancing openness, predictability, and mutual trust in international trade.
Yufei Yuan (2025) studied this question.