Etiology and Antibiogram Assay of Urinary Tract Infection in Diabetic Patients

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) has become an important international health issue and a substantial financial burden for poor countries. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is among the most prevalent health issues experienced in any age group of patients with diabetic complications. Individuals with diabetes have a higher risk of UTIs than people without the disease. Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the etiology and antibiogram assay of urinary tract infection in diabetic patients Material and Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was carried out at the Department of Medicine Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar from March 2023 to March 2024. A total of 240 participants including both diabetics and non-diabetics were included. Patients whose urine sample had not shown growth on two samples or were already on antibiotic therapy were excluded. Urine cultures having 10 5 CFU or more were included. For each growth positive specimen of uropathogens, drug sensitivity testing was performed using the modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. The software Stata 12.0 (College Station, Texas, USA) was used to perform the necessary statistical analysis. Results: Overall there were 240 patients in our study. Amongst the diabetic patients, 81 were male and 34 were female while in non-diabetics participants there were 70 male and 55 females. Patients with diabetes had an average age was 52.9 ± 9.1 years, while individuals without diabetes had an average age of 53.1 ± 8.6 years. Among all, the most prevalent uropathogen was Escherichia coli (56.8%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (25.2%). Participants with diabetes were shown to have comparatively higher prevalence of Proteus Spp and Pseudomonas spp. The patterns of antimicrobial sensitivity in both groups were in decreasing order of susceptibility: 95 percent compared to 100% colistin > Amikacin (84% compared 85%) > Piperacillin/Tazobactam (78% compared to 85%) > Meropenem (93% versus 98%) > Cefoperazone/Sulbactam (87% versus 86%) Conclusion: In our study the most prevalent bacteria was found to be E.coli in both groups followed by K. pneumoniae. Participants with diabetes were shown to have comparatively higher prevalence of Proteus Spp and Pseudomonas Spp. Between the two groups; there was no discernible variation in the patterns of antibiotic sensitivity.