Numerical simulation of localized climate scenarios impacts on vegetation co2 fluxes in the madrid region (spain) with the wrf/chem-vprm model

The Vegetation Photosynthesis and Respiration Model (VPRM) integrated with the Weather Research Forecasting with Chemistry (WRF/Chem) model was used to model anthropogenic and biosphere CO2 fluxes and their subsequent transport and dispersion over the Madrid Region. Dynamic downscaling of global climate model results was used for four climate scenarios derived from the 6th Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) for a period between 2015 and 2050. Our results show spatial-temporal variations in CO2 concentration, biosphere fluxes and the global budget (comprising both biogenic and anthropogenic emissions) at three different spatial resolutions: 27 km, 9 km and 3 km, using a nested approach The WRF/Chem-VPRM simulations were used to find sinks and major emitting areas and to quantify the CO2 emission budget as the sum of anthropogenic and natural CO2 emissions. In metropolitan areas such as Madrid, anthropogenic fluxes were found to predominate. In the SSP370 scenario, biogenic CO2 emissions showed a higher magnitude compared to other scenarios, attributable to a projected temperature increase in this scenario for the simulated region, even higher than that projected for the SSP585 scenario.