Tourism, growth, and carbon emissions in Sub-Saharan Africa: a balancing act

Tourism is one of the major determinants of global economic growth, creating jobs within the sector, and Africa is no exception. The target of the sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries is to consider tourism as an alternative means of economic expansion. However, tourism is a means of environmental imbalance. This study investigates the complex relationship between tourism, economic growth, and carbon emissions in 47 Sub-Saharan African countries from 2005 to 2020. While economic growth significantly increases carbon emissions, tourism revenue shows a potential mitigating effect. Trade openness also contributes to emissions, while employment shows a negative correlation. These findings highlight the need for stricter environmental regulations and policies that leverage the region's labor surplus for sustainable tourism practices. Implementing such measures is crucial for minimizing the environmental damage associated with foreign direct economic activities and ensuring long-term sustainability.