Grating design methodology for laser cooling

We present a design strategy for grating magneto-optical traps (GMOTs). It takes the three most relevant optical properties for laser cooling (radiation pressure balance, specular reflection cancellation, and diffracted polarization) to build a scalar figure of merit. We use a rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA) simulation to find a geometry that maximizes this figure of merit. We also introduce a criterion that takes into account the robustness of the manufacturing processes to select a geometry that is reliable to manufacture. Finally, we demonstrate that the fabricated grating exhibits the expected optical properties and achieves typical GMOT performance.