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Abstract A worsening shortage of rural physicians paralleling increasing health disparities demands attention. Past and ongoing efforts to address this shortage have had positive effects and can inform new strategies to achieve even greater impact. Interventions have included the development of regional medical school campuses and rural-focused tracks to recruit medical students from rural areas, expansion of rural-based graduate medical education (GME) programs and tracks, and use of institutional and individual financial incentives for rural-based training and/or practice. National policy has also taken aim at this challenge with provisions aimed at expanding rural GME in the Medicare, Medicaid, and State Children’s Health Insurance Program Balanced Budget Refinement Act of 1999 and the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021. Additionally, several states have funded growth in GME, and supportive pathways for Medicare reimbursement and for Veterans Administration funding have been implemented. The authors recommend a new strategy for bolstering the rural physician workforce, focused on using academic-rural partnerships to incorporate rural rotations as a routine part of GME. They explain how the current health care landscape supports this approach and outline additional steps toward implementation. Centralized data collection and analysis are noted as essential to guide future efforts.
Hawes et al. (2024) studied this question.