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Understanding the interplay between micromechanics and macroscopic plastic deformation in amorphous solids like granular materials is vital. In our study, we directly measured T1 events and associated microscopic stresses in densely packed assemblies of photoelastic disks with varying interparticle friction under pure shear. Our findings demonstrate the existence of T1 events in granular materials under shear, where the statistics of T1 events show a strong correlation with the global shear stress to pressure ratio, and these behaviors are independent of interparticle friction. By dividing T1 events into five categories, we can demonstrate how changes in friction affect their local structure and stability. This provides valuable information about the unique features of T1 events in granular materials, which differ from those in metallic glasses and other frictionless amorphous solids. Additionally, our exploration reveals unique characteristics in the local stresses of T1 events, distinct from frictionless systems like emulsions. Collectively, these findings highlight how interparticle friction modulates the micromechanical properties of T1 events and how their statistical behavior intricately links with the macromechanical responses of granular materials under shear forces.
Zheng et al. (Tue,) studied this question.