Abstract Ironing process is commonly used to produce parts with precise wall thickness. The progress of the technology is mostly earned out through experimentation. In this paper, an analytical model for the ironing of deep-drawn cups is developed using the slab method. Inhomogeneous deformation of the drawn cup is taken into consideration. Predictions on punch load and frictional force at the punch-cup interface show excellent agreements with experimental measurements. Influence of die semi-angle, ironing reduction ratio and friction on the process is investigated. With this model, new process parameters for ironing can be designed and analyzed before actual die tryout.
Chang et al. (Sun,) studied this question.