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Today, the built environment, including infrastructure for tunnels, bridges, highways, subways, railroads, harbors, buildings and airports, is responsible for a significant portion of the energy consumption, natural resource utilization, waste generation as well as CO 2 and other environmentally harmful emissions in the United States and around the world. There is no silver bullet solution to achieve the ambitious goal of zero carbon buildings and a city infrastructure with significantly reduced CO 2 emissions. Thus, multifaceted solutions should be developed. Another challenge associated with the built environment is aging and a large economic burden to upgrade and maintain the outdated infrastructure. The current status of the U.S. built environment is far below sustainable condition. Rapidly deteriorating infrastructure that must be replaced provides us with the unique opportunity to rethink where and how we should live in the future. In addition, current challenges related to economic and societal inequality in the United States and other global communities also force us to re-evaluate how humanity is connected and how we share resources for a sustainable and healthy future while keeping the Earth safe. The engineering solutions for our future built environment include, but are not limited to, the design and synthesis of new infrastructure materials with low carbon intensity, the development of new manufacturing options and technologies, and the integration of innovative functionalities into building envelopes.
Park et al. (Mon,) studied this question.