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Introduction/Background Endometriosis-associated ovarian carcinoma (EAOC) and endometriosis-related ovarian cancer (EROC) are relatively underexplored conditions characterized by the coexistence of ovarian carcinoma (OC) and endometriosis. The main distinction between them lies in the presence of transitional borderline lesions, observed in EROC but absent in EAOC. The aim of this study was to investigate and elucidate the differences among EROC, EAOC, and OC not related or associated with endometriosis (NEOC). Methodology This prospective, observational, monocentric study, funded by the Italian Ministry of Health (ENDO-2021–12371926), enrolled 94 patients with OC undergoing surgery (November 2021-June 2023). The correlation between endometriosis and OC was assessed by expert pathologists, categorizing patients into three groups: EROC, EAOC, and NEOC. Clinical, surgical, and pathological data were analyzed. Results Out of 94 patients, 48 (51%) were diagnosed with NEOC, 17 (18%) with EAOC, and 29 (31%) with EROC. Average age at diagnosis was lower in EROC and EAOC (57 and 61 years) compared to NEOC (65 years). Ultrasound assessments showed that EROC and EAOC were mainly unilateral compared to NEOC (66.7% and 69%, vs 41.3%) and lacked free fluid in the pouch of Douglas (69% and 88.2%, vs 52.1% in NEOC). EROC featured a greater endometrial thickness (mean 8 mm) compared to EAOC and NEOC (Conclusion EROC and EAOC exhibit distinct clinical and histopathological characteristics. EAOC emerges as a distinct entity with mixed characteristics bridging the features of EROC and NEOC. Disclosures The study is funded by the Italian Ministry of Health (ENDO-2021–12371926).
Dondi et al. (Fri,) studied this question.
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