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Abstract Second-harmonic generation (SHG) is a nonlinear optical effect enhanced by broken crystallin symmetry and is very sensitive to electronic structures. SHG has recently been applied to two-dimensional transition metals dichalcogenides (2D-TMDs). 2D-TMDs have been the focus of much recent research due to their ultrathin scale, high quantum confinement, and energy gap toning ability that results in unique linear or nonlinear optical and electrical properties. WS 2 monolayers are well-known 2D TMDs with strong SHG. They have attracted a great deal of interest due to their potential applications in fundamental material characterization and nanophotonic device development. In this study, we grew WS 2 monolayers using the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique and characterized them with Raman and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The intense direct excitonic peak A at 630 nm was identified in the PL spectra, while the Raman spectra exhibited the two distinctive modes A 1g (at 418 cm −1 ) and E 2g (at 356 cm −1 ). The monolayers were pumped by an 830 nm circularly polarized and defused pulsed laser to produce the SHG image. global one-shot SH images for different growth shapes were obtained and crystalline domains were identified using polarization-resolved second-harmonic generation imaging (PRSHGI). The defect level was observed to clearly enhance the SHG signal following the increase in broken crystalline centrosymmetric and relaxing the optical selection roles at the valley degree of freedom.
Shrouq H. Aleithan (Fri,) studied this question.