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In limited-stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC), there is scarce evidence of the effectiveness and safety of the combinations in the neoadjuvant setting. We conducted a study to evaluate neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy in LS-SCLC. Patients from Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, between April 2019 and March 2023, received etoposide-based chemotherapy with (neoCIT group) or without (neoCT group) programmed death-ligand 1/programmed death 1 (PD-L1/PD-1) inhibitors followed by surgery for LS-SCLC were retrospectively studied. The primary objectives were to assess the pathological complete response (pCR) and the major pathological response (MPR). Secondary endpoints included event-free survival (EFS) and safety. A total of 31 cases with LS-SCLC stage IIB-IIIB were included, 16 cases in the neoCIT group and 15 patients in the neoCT group. A pCR occurred in eight cases (50.0%; 95% CI, 28.0 to 72.0) in the neoCIT group and in one patient (6.7%; 95% CI, 0.3 to 29.8) in the neoCT group (odds ratio, 14.00; 95% CI, 1.71 to 164.20; P = 0.016). An MPR occurred in 14 cases (87.5%; 95% CI, 64.0 to 97.8) in the neoCIT group and in three patients (20.0%; 95% CI, 7.0 to 45.2) in the neoCT group (odds ratio, 28.00; 95% CI, 4.23 to 150.50; P 0.99CR1 (6.3)0PR13 (81.3)13 (86.7)SD2 (12.5)2 (13.3)PD00ORR14 (87.5)13 (86.7)>0.99 Open table in a new tab Among the resectable SCLC patients, neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy significantly improved pathological complete response, major pathological response, and event-free survival as compared with neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone.
Shi et al. (Fri,) studied this question.