Experimental assessment of playability limits during bowed string attacks

The playability limits in the bow force and bow acceleration parameter space (usually visualized as a Guettler diagram) define the conditions for establishing Helmholtz motion during bowed attacks in bowed-string instruments. Despite few theoretical and numerical studies, there is little empirical validation of these limits. The experimental scanning of a Guettler diagram is a tedious process, as it requires the use of a bowing machine to control the bowing parameters. This study proposes a method for collecting and analyzing data to produce measured Guettler diagrams. Experiments were conducted using a cello string in a monochord arrangement with fixed terminations. The string was excited using a robotic arm that allows control of the playing conditions by changing the bow force and bow acceleration. Each set of measurements contains more than 900 data points to obtain high-resolution Guettler diagrams. In addition, the measurements are repeated in reverse order and after dismounting and remounting the string. The results are compared with existing literature, with particular attention to theoretical limits. The experimental results suggest that the static and dynamic friction coefficients vary with bow force and acceleration, modifying the playability limits. Work supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) (P34852-N).