Deep sediment characterization from very low-frequency features from merchant ships

The very low-frequency noise from merchant ships provides a good wideband source to study the deep layers of the seabed. The nested striations which characterize ship spectrograms contain unique acoustic features where the waveguide invariant (β) becomes infinite. This occurs at frequencies between 20 and 80 Hz where pairs of modal group velocities are equal. The goal of this project was to identify the β = ∞ frequencies in ship noise spectrograms and use these frequencies to perform statistical inference for the deep layer sound speeds and thicknesses. The Seabed Characterization Experiment of 2022 on the New England continental shelf had three vertical line arrays strategically placed between two shipping lanes. The average water depth was 75 meters with less than one meter bathymetry change between the arrays. The results of this study are based primarily on five ships. There was a gradual shift in the β = ∞ frequencies between the three arrays, suggesting a gradual change in the deep sediment layers. Work supported by Office of Naval Research.