India, as one of the most populous and rapidly developing nations, faces the pressing challenge of balancing economic growth with environmental sustainability. This paper evaluates the key green initiatives launched by the Indian government aimed at mitigating climate change, promoting renewable energy, and enhancing ecological conservation. These initiatives are critical for achieving sustainable development in line with global commitments, including the Paris Agreement (Bansal & Goyal, 2018). By examining various policies such as the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) (Bansal & Goyal, 2018), the Green India Mission (Sharma & Tripathi, 2019), the promotion of electric mobility (Rao & Sharma, 2021), and renewable energy policies (Patel et al., 2020), this paper analyzes their objectives, effectiveness, and challenges. The study finds that, while significant progress has been made, gaps remain in implementation, financial resources, and public awareness that need to be addressed for a more sustainable future.
Ritu Saxena (2025) studied this question.