Prediabetes and the risk of heart failure: A meta‐analysis

Abstract Aim To determine the role of prediabetes in the incidence of heart failure (HF). Materials and Methods We searched electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar and OpenGrey) for studies up to 31 December 2020. Studies were included for meta‐analysis if they reported adjusted relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk of HF for prediabetes compared with normoglycaemia. Prediabetes was defined as impaired fasting glucose (IFG) according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria (IFG‐WHO), or according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) definition (IFG‐ADA), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), raised HbA1c according to the ADA criteria (HbA1c‐ADA), or according to the International Expert Committee (IEC) recommendation (HbA1c‐IEC). Results A total of 15 studies comprising 9,827,430 individuals provided data for this analysis. The median follow‐up duration of the included studies was 8.0 years. Compared with normoglycaemia, prediabetes was associated with an increased risk for HF: IFG‐ADA (RR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.05–1.13), IFG‐WHO (RR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.07–1.30), IGT (RR 1.58, 95% CI 1.04–2.39), HbA1c‐ADA (RR 1.28, 95% CI 1.16–1.41) or HbA1c‐IEC (RR 1.40, 95% CI 1.09–1.79), respectively. Conclusions Prediabetes is associated with an increased risk of HF. Future studies are needed to evaluate effective treatments for prediabetes to prevent the development and progression of HF.