Giza Revisited: Archaeological Constraints, Architectural Evidence, and the Limits of Conventional Interpretative Models

This preprint presents an updated methodological reassessment of selected architectural contexts on the Giza Plateau through a strictly non-invasive, observation-based archaeological approach. Rather than proposing alternative chronologies or speculative historical reconstructions, the study focuses on identifying architectural and material constraints derived from direct observation, including wall–floor junctions, sealed interfaces, lithological discontinuities, and surface treatment inconsistencies. By prioritizing observable constraints over interpretative models, the paper delineates the evidentiary limits within which archaeological interpretation must operate and highlights areas where conventional frameworks encounter unresolved material inconsistencies. The work reflects a methodological evolution from earlier critique-driven approaches toward a constraint-based archaeological framework and is intended as a transparent contribution to ongoing independent research, supporting future targeted archaeological verification at the Giza Plateau.