What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to compare the effectiveness of different treatments in reducing microbial contamination on Kalamon olives.

February 2, 2026Open Access

Comparative Efficacy of Ethanol, UV-C, and Ultrasound Against Candida albicans, Aspergillus brasiliensis, and Listeria innocua on Kalamon Table Olives

RFRafail FokasUniversity of Patras NKNikolaos P. KostopoulosUniversity of Patras MDMaria-Eleni Dimitrakopoulou

Key Points

The aim is to compare the effectiveness of different treatments in reducing microbial contamination on Kalamon olives.
Applied ethanol (70%, 3 min) to olives.
Exposed olives to Ultraviolet-C for 6 and 12 minutes.
Used ultrasound (37 kHz, 15 min) treatment on olives.
Ethanol showed significant reductions (>2.80 log10 for C. albicans; >2.09 log10 for A. brasiliensis; >3.79 log10 for L. innocua).
UV-C treatment was time-dependent, with 12 min resulting in greater reductions compared to 6 min.
Ultrasound alone had minimal impact (<0.60 log10).

Abstract

This study investigated the effectiveness of ethanol (70%, 3 min), Ultraviolet-C irradiation (6 and 12 min), and ultrasound (37 kHz, 15 min) for decreasing Candida albicans, Aspergillus brasiliensis, and Listeria innocua on Greek Kalamon table olives before brining. Ethanol demonstrated the greatest decreases (>2.80 log10 for C. albicans, >2.09 log10 for A. brasiliensis, and >3.79 log10 for L. innocua). UV-C had a time-dependent impact, with 12 min producing more inactivation than 6 min (1.30, 1.05, and 1.57 log10, respectively, for C. albicans, A. brasiliensis, and L. innocua). Ultrasound alone produced minimal reductions (<0.60 log10). Overall, ethanol outperformed Ultraviolet-C and ultrasound in the test settings, with Ultraviolet-C providing moderate, exposure-dependent decreases. These findings stimulate additional research into non-thermal therapies and their practical use in table olive processing.

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