The objectives of this project were to design and develop SunVolt, a solar-powered battery charging system using an Arduino Uno R3, to address energy shortages and high electricity costs in rural off-grid areas. SunVolt enables efficient solar-powered battery charging to support household and agricultural activities in locations with limited or unstable electricity access. The system integrated a solar panel, lead-acid battery, MPPT charge controller, and sensors that monitor light, temperature, and voltage, managed by the microcontroller. SunVolt independently finds an optimal energy conversion rate, prevents overcharging, and displays visual notifications with performance in real time to the user. Performance testing evaluated daily energy output, charging efficiency, and long-term reliability under real-world conditions. The results demonstrate that SunVolt effectively stores solar energy, meets residential and agricultural energy needs, and remains durable under varying environmental conditions. Overall, SunVolt offers a practical solution for improving energy self-sufficiency, reducing reliance on fossil fuels, and promoting sustainable development in undeserved communities.
Rabia et al. (Thu,) studied this question.