What question did this study set out to answer?

The goal is to develop a geometric model explaining the strong nuclear force and binding energies of nuclei.

February 8, 2026Open Access

Superstring–Fabric Spacetime (SFS): Geometric Origin of the Strong Nuclear Force (Version 2, revised)

Key Points

The goal is to develop a geometric model explaining the strong nuclear force and binding energies of nuclei.
Developed a unified geometric formulation within the Superstring Fabric Spacetime framework.
Derived closed-form expressions for nuclear binding energies using geometric parameters.
Analyzed nucleon configurations based on axial tension and isospin properties.
Examined light and intermediate nuclei (C-12, O-16) and their binding energies.
Successfully reproduced binding energies of C-12 and O-16 using the model.
Predicted a binding maximum near 56Fe due to full axial saturation effects.
Identified a critical mass number near A ∼ 200 for fission, aligning with observed actinide instabilities.

Abstract

We develop a unified geometric formulation of the strong nuclear interaction within the Superstring Fabric Spacetime (SFS) framework, in which both hadronic confinement and nuclear binding arise from axial torsional tension stored in the underlying spacetime fabric. In this description, each nucleon carries axial tension characteristics whose geometric compatibility depends on its isospin structure, such that stable axial links form exclusively between complementary proton–neutron configurations. As a result, nuclear forces emerge as short-range, saturating geometric interactions without invoking meson exchange, residual color forces, or phenomenological potentials. Closed-form expressions for nuclear binding energies are derived from a minimal set of geometric parameters, including a saturated axial coordination number and a universal axial tension scale. When applied to light and intermediate nuclei, the model quantitatively reproduces the binding energies of C-12 and O-16 through natural surface-depletion corrections, while correctly predicting the binding maximum near 56Fe as a consequence of full axial saturation. For heavy nuclei, accumulated global axial strain leads to a geometric reduction of effective binding and yields a fission criterion with a critical mass number near A ∼ 200, consistent with the observed instability of actinides such as U-238. The SFS framework thus provides an analytic, falsifiable, and geometrically transparent reinterpretation of the strong interaction across nuclear scales, complementing quantum chromodynamics while offering new insight into nuclear saturation, stability, and fission as topological phenomena of spacetime itself This is a revised and extended version of the previously published manuscript. Related Works (Superstring–Fabric Spacetime (SFS) Program): Core SFS model formulation (SFS Model):https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17485070 Extended quantum–geometric framework (SFS Model):https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17864031 Geometric origin of electromagnetism (SFS Model):https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18182324 Geometric Interpretation of Low-Energy Nuclear Fusion in (SFS Model): https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18384888

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