With grid-forming wind turbines becoming increasingly crucial in renewable energy development, their impact on grid stability is becoming more significant. While extensive research has been conducted on electromagnetic transient modelling, systematic investigations in the electromechanical transient domain remain limited. This paper presents a novel electromechanical transient model framework for permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) wind turbines based on grid-forming control strategies. The framework features a modular design that enhances the model's generality, flexibility, and scalability. Within this framework, positive-sequence phasor models are developed for essential sub-modules. These modules encompass wind turbine control, frequency/voltage regulation, controlled voltage source magnitude/angle control, over-current limitation, DC voltage regulation, and grid interface. The model enables comprehensive analysis of the fundamental functions and dynamic response characteristics of grid-forming PMSG wind turbines. Validation studies conducted on test cases demonstrate that the proposed model accurately captures the transient behaviour of grid-forming PMSG wind turbines and is well-suited for grid-integration studies of large-scale power systems, providing support for stability analysis, parameter tuning, and control strategy optimization.
Xu et al. (2026) studied this question.