Relationship of Body Mass Index, Aerobic Capacity, and Heart Rate Variability in Perimenopausal and Postmenopausal Women in Surat City: A Correlational Study

Abstract Overview: The gradation menopause is associated with significant physiological changes that affect cardiovascular and autonomic health. The present study was guided by the aim of associations between body mass index (BMI), aerobic capacity, and heart rate variability (HRV) in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women of Surat city, emphasizing their potential impact on well-being and quality of life. Aims: The major intention of this work is to study the relations of BMI, aerobic capacity, and HRV in peri- and postmenopausal women, interpreted as insights into their circulatory and autonomic function activity during this transitional stage. Methodology: This correlational analysis covered 100 subjects distributed equally between peri- and postmenopausal groups, falling within 45–60 years of age. Body mass index (BMI) was assessed using standard procedures, aerobic capacity was evaluated with the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), and heart rate variability (HRV) parameters were recorded using a Polar H10 chest strap. Data were explored by imposing descriptive statistics, a normality test done by the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, and as the data distributed normally, independent t -tests, and Pearson’s correlation to appraise connections between the variables. Results: The mean standard deviation normal to normal in perimenopausal women was 51.51 ms, and in postmenopausal women, it was 44.79 ms ( P = 0.0026). This clearly depicts that with the advancement of menopause, thereby aging, autonomic function dwindles. There is a feeble opposite correlation between BMI and 6MWT (−0.233, P = 0.087). No significant correlation between 6MWT and HRV ( r = −0.072, P = 0.601). These conclusions highlight the specific physiological factors that are influenced by the menopausal state. Conclusion: The study concludes that higher BMI and reduced aerobic capacity are moderately associated, while HRV shows a marked decline in postmenopausal women, reflecting diminished autonomic function. The minimal correlation between aerobic capacity and HRV suggests that each requires targeted, independent interventions. Tailored strategies focusing on BMI control, improved fitness, and autonomic regulation may offer significant benefits for women in the peri- and postmenopausal phases.