What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to reconstruct the Cartesian foundational system using a many-sorted first-order logic framework.

February 25, 2026Open Access

Experiri Est Esse

Key Points

The aim is to reconstruct the Cartesian foundational system using a many-sorted first-order logic framework.
Introduced a minimal identity foundation, experiri est esse.
Utilized a Hilbert framework to formalize the foundation.
Assessed the derivability of existential certainty under this system.
Existential certainty is shown to be derivable under the minimal identity foundation.
The Cartesian superstructure is not logically necessitated by this foundation.

Abstract

This preprint presents a formal reconstruction of the Cartesian foundational system within a many-sorted first-order Hilbert framework (MSFOL). The paper introduces a minimal identity foundation, experiri est esse (“experiencing is being”), formalized as: ∀xᴱ (A (x) ↔ Ex (x) ) It is shown that existential certainty remains derivable under this identity foundation, while the characteristic Cartesian superstructure (thinking-substance identification, dualism, theological expansion) is not logically entailed. The work does not refute Descartes but demonstrates that the Cartesian system is not deductively necessary. The project is a structural necessity test, not a historical critique. Version: v1. 0ₚreprintDate: 21-02-2026

Experiri Est Esse

Key Points

Abstract

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