• Categorization of existing service orchestration strategies that improve energy-efficiency in Edge computing. • Identification and analysis of novel approaches introduced by integrating renewable energy sources into Edge service orchestration. • Open research challenges and case studies to future sustainable orchestration. Edge computing is an emerging paradigm of decentralized computing. It extends the Cloud infrastructure to the Edge of the network and closer to users. It allows the deployment of low-latency services, better privacy and extended availability. Orchestration, based on softwarization and virtualization of services, plays a crucial role in performance optimization and dynamic adaptation to the evolving context. It constitutes the basis of the operation of Edge computing. In this systematic literature review we study the problem of energy efficiency in the orchestration of Edge services. Orchestration represents both a challenge and a lever for the energy management of future systems of this type that will be deployed on a global scale. Faced with current environmental concerns and the growing and plethora of heterogeneous and scattered resources involved in these systems, it is imperative to review the design of orchestration methods from the additional perspective of sustainability and efficiency. We provide a comprehensive classification framework specifically designed for energy-efficient Edge service orchestration, analyzing 63 research papers across traditional and renewable energy contexts. Our analysis reveals three distinct categories of traditional strategies and identifies three emerging orchestration paradigms unique to renewable energy integration. We explore the research landscape, identifying strategies that consider renewable energy, energy storage and renewable energy management, lacking in the current survey literature. We also discuss eleven potential future directions and provide three case studies. This review strengthens the critical importance of addressing sustainability concerns and demonstrates how virtualization and service orchestration constitute fundamental foundations for future energy-efficient distributed ICT infrastructures.
Sabbadin et al. (Sun,) studied this question.