BACKGROUND: Being a mother is one of the most important events in a woman’s life, which is accompanied by change, instability, and reorganization of life for parenthood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of educational package based on health promotion model on self-efficacy and parenting stress during postpartum in primiparous pregnancy MATERIALS AND METHODS: This research was a three-stage, randomized, two-group clinical trial (pre-intervention, after intervention, and third-postpartum visit). The intervention was conducted four 2-hour online sessions, virtual discussion groups, and one individual education session. The data collection tools included the standard Parenting Stress Index (PSI) questionnaire and the Sherer’s General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software (version 22) using descriptive statistics independent t -test, Mann–Whitney, repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), and chi-square tests. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in demographic and fertility variables and the mean scores of parenting stress and self-efficacy before intervention between the two groups ( P > 0.05). In the intervention group, the mean scores of self-efficacy and parenting stress were significantly higher and lower, respectively, in the immediate postintervention and the third follow-up visits compared with before intervention ( P 0.05). CONCLUSION: It appears that health promotion model, with its focus on identifying attitudes, abstract norms, and enabling factors, is an effective pattern for teaching health and individual processes such as parenting stress and self-efficacy.
باباخانی et al. (2026) studied this question.