Wildlife parks play a crucial role in biodiversity conservation and environmental education. However, their management effectiveness remains under-evaluated from an ecological sustainability perspective. Existing evaluation frameworks for wildlife park management are largely human-centered and overlook wildlife as independent subjects. To address this gap, this study emphasizes the intrinsic value of wildlife as independent ecological actors, and proposes an evaluation framework for management effectiveness from a non-human-centered perspective. The framework encompasses five criterion layers subdivided into 24 evaluation indicators established using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Post-occupancy evaluation (POE) was subsequently employed as an example application to demonstrate the implementation of the framework at Beijing Wildlife Park (BWP), yielding a comprehensive evaluation index of 76.87%. The results indicate differentiated performance across the five evaluation dimensions without constituting a site-specific judgment. The example application demonstrates the feasibility and operability of the framework, addressing the shortcomings of conventional evaluation approaches in ethical and ecological dimensions. This study provides a decision-support tool to guide the enhancement of environmental management in wildlife parks and may inform evaluation in related animal-oriented spaces.
Ke et al. (Fri,) studied this question.