This study presents the Multi-Method Convergence Protocol (MMCP), a decision-making framework designed to overcome the mono-objective limitations of HOMER Pro (Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables) and the instability commonly observed among traditional MCDM approaches. Applied to a hybrid PV–wind–grid Smart Grid (Intelligent Electrical Power Grid) in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur region (France), the protocol transforms techno-economic simulation outputs into robust and explainable multi-criteria decisions. MMCP integrates five sequential stages—normalization, AHP-based (Analytic Hierarchy Process) weighting, multi-method ranking (TOPSIS, PROMETHEE II, ELECTRE II (Elimination and Choice Expressing Reality II), and VIKOR), Borda–Copeland (Borda Count Ranking Method–Copeland Pairwise Aggregation Method) co-aggregation, and statistical validation—using Kendall’s τb (Kendall’s Rank Correlation Coefficient) and Spearman’s ρ (Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient). Results reveal strong convergence between compensatory and non-compensatory models (τb ≥ 0.75; ρ ≥ 0.90), confirming the internal coherence and structural stability of the rankings. Scenario 17 emerges as the optimal configuration, combining low LCOE (Levelized Cost of Energy) with reduced emissions and balanced renewable penetration. The near-linear alignment between aggregation methods validates the protocol’s reliability and methodological transparency. Overall, MMCP provides a scalable and traceable foundation for sustainable Smart Grid planning and evidence-based energy governance.
Amor et al. (Sat,) studied this question.