In this work we intentionally neglect biochemical regulatory mechanisms in order to isolate the mechanical–osmotic core of collective membrane-based systems. The objective is not to deny the importance of biochemical processes in living tissues, but to perform a methodological reduction that allows the physical substrate of such systems to be analyzed independently. We examine the progression from an individual vesicle to a collective vesicle field and finally to a tissue-level abstraction, focusing exclusively on mechanical and osmotic interactions.
Peter Mikuláš (Sun,) studied this question.