The present study aims to provide a comprehensive and integrated analysis of the potential of offshore renewable energy resources in the maritime sector located at the Danube mouth area in the Black Sea, one of the most complex and dynamic hydrological and climatic systems in Eastern Europe. In the current context of climate change, the Danube mouths are of strategic importance due to the specific morphology of the area and the high potential for harnessing multiple renewable sources such as wind, wave, and solar energy. Therefore, this research supports sustainable development and adaptation to climate change. At the same time, predicted climate change may increase the frequency of extreme events, such as storms, sudden changes in water levels, and increased wave heights, which can affect navigational safety, ecosystem integrity, and coastal infrastructure. Thus, this research seeks not only to identify the energy potential of renewable resources but also to assess their risks and vulnerabilities. Using a wide range of data types, three time periods were studied for the main Danube mouth: Sulina and St. George. Both Sulina and St. George present future wind and wave intensification trends, especially in high-emission scenarios, without significant changes in the dominant direction. St. George remains the area with the more intense regime, while Sulina has more moderate episodes, but with a slightly more evident increase in the frequency of 6–12 m/s winds. At the same time, solar radiation shows a slight increase in recent years, especially in the summer season. Harnessing these resources has the potential to, for example, power coastal communities and offshore installations, providing clean and reliable energy while reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Popa et al. (Sat,) studied this question.