Diagnostic pitfalls of ESA-resistant anemia due to functional copper deficiency in a dialysis patient: a myelodysplastic syndrome mimic

Key Points

• ESA-resistant anemia occurs frequently in patients with functional copper deficiency, complicating diagnosis.
• Copper deficiency can mimic myelodysplastic syndrome, leading to misdiagnosis in some cases.
• Diagnosis requires careful assessment of biomarkers and patient history, particularly for those on dialysis.
• Highlighting the need for enhanced awareness around copper deficiency among clinicians is crucial for optimal care.