Foliar application of allantoin reinforces antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems to confer tolerance against arsenic toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Key Points

• Allantoin application significantly increases arsenic tolerance in rice plants, enhancing their antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems.
• Improvements in antioxidant defense mechanisms were notable compared to untreated rice, indicating effective stress management strategies.
• Analysis of biochemical pathways shows the role of allantoin in mitigating toxicity effects, revealing a potential agricultural intervention for affected rice crop varieties.
• Findings suggest that deploying allantoin could be a promising approach for increasing tolerance against arsenic toxicity, though field validation is required.