Hydrogeochemical dynamics of sub-Himalayan springs: assessing health risks and environmental impacts in Muzaffarabad, Pakistan

Key Points

• Health risks associated with pollutants in sub-Himalayan springs are significant, impacting local communities with contaminated water.
• Water quality assessments indicate high levels of harmful substances affecting both humans and ecosystems, necessitating immediate intervention.
• Analysis of hydrogeochemical dynamics demonstrates complex interactions between water sources and surrounding environments, revealing critical vulnerabilities.
• Findings suggest urgent steps are needed to address environmental impacts linked to water pollution and safeguard public health.