Effect of Butyrate‐Producing Enterobacteria and Proton Pump Inhibitors on Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment With Durvalumab and Tremelimumab

Key Points

• No notable impact of butyrate-producing bacteria on the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors.
• Proton pump inhibitor use did not significantly change treatment outcomes with durvalumab and tremelimumab.
• The study indicates that the liver's immunotolerant environment may constrain microbiome modulation effects.
• These findings highlight potential challenges in enhancing cancer treatment efficacy through microbiome interventions.