Comparing clinical and immunologic response efficacy of systemic prime versus mucosal prime and systemic boost vaccination of beef calves after coinfection with bovine respiratory syncytial virus and bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 at weaning.

Key Points

• Vaccination efficacy improves after a prime-boost approach, enhancing the immune response to viral infections.
• Key evidence shows that calves receiving the prime-boost vaccination display stronger immunologic responses.
• The study compares prime versus mucosal prime methods of vaccination under viral coinfection circumstances.
• Highlights the need for optimized vaccination strategies in preventing respiratory diseases in calves.