Chronic exposure to the common aeroallergen house dust mite (HDM) induces lung inflammation and DNA damage, but its impact on lung cancer development remains largely unexplored. Using whole-genome sequencing, RNA-seq, and DNA methylation profiling, we assessed HDM effects in lung epithelial cell lines and a mouse orthotopic lung cancer model. HDM accelerated tumor growth without altering mutational burden. Transcriptomic and epigenetic analyses revealed tissue-specific effects: in normal lung, HDM enhanced pro-inflammatory and immune activation programs, whereas in tumors it suppressed T cell responses, antigen presentation, and chemokine signaling. Immune deconvolution showed a shift toward myeloid enrichment and lymphoid suppression, with reduced cytotoxic T and NK signatures. Notably, HDM-driven tumor promotion was abolished in Il17a-/- but not Il1b-/- mice, identifying IL-17A as a critical mediator. These findings demonstrate that chronic aeroallergen exposure reshapes the lung microenvironment to promote immune suppression and accelerate lung cancer progression.
Al-Azzam et al. (Wed,) studied this question.