Managing fluoride/fluorine-contaminated soils with various soil electrokinetic techniques: An overview review of the last 33 years (1993–2025)

Key Points

• Managing fluoride in soils shows promise using electrokinetic techniques like ion migration and decontamination.
• Key findings reveal that these methods can effectively reduce fluoride levels in contaminated soils over time.
• This review assesses various electrokinetic techniques, emphasizing their application in soil remediation efforts against fluoride pollution.
• Support for these approaches calls for more practical applications to enhance long-term environmental sustainability.