Impacts of global shipping operations on marine organisms: emerging contaminants, biodiversity monitoring, and management strategies—a 25-year review

Key Points

• Emerging contaminants from global shipping operations threaten marine organisms' survival and biodiversity.
• Contaminants examined include microplastics and heavy metals, impacting various marine species over the last 25 years.
• The analysis aggregates findings from numerous studies, providing insights into effective biodiversity monitoring techniques.
• These threats highlight the need for improved management strategies to protect marine ecosystems and maintain biodiversity.