Comparative toxicity and reproductive effects of individual and insecticidal mixtures on Spodoptera frugiperda

Key Points

• Toxicity levels of individual insecticides vary significantly and affect reproductive outcomes in Spodoptera frugiperda.
• In assessments, specific mixtures caused reproductive harm, with implications for pest management strategies.
• The study utilized comparative methods to analyze the effects of multiple insecticides on the species.
• Findings highlight the need for careful consideration in choosing insecticides to minimize environmental and ecological impacts.