Holmium doping effects on the structural and functional properties of BaTiO3: Combined sol–gel and first-principles investigation

Key Points

• Holmium doping significantly alters the structural properties of barium titanate, enhancing its functional characteristics.
• A key finding shows improved dielectric properties with increasing holmium concentrations, potentially optimizing electronic applications.
• First-principles calculations help elucidate the underlying mechanisms driving these structural transformations in barium titanate.
• This research highlights the potential of holmium-doped materials in advanced electronic components, encouraging further exploration of their applications.