Integrating network pharmacology and transcriptomics to reveal the therapeutic effect of Long Mu Ning Xin Decoction on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder by regulating cAMP and PI3K/AKT pathways

Key Points

• LMNXD improves spatial memory and reduces hyperactive-impulsive behaviors in rats, and regulates key genes involved in these processes.
• The intervention enhances expression of BDNF and DRD1, while also lowering GFAP levels, indicating potential neuroprotective effects.
• Analysis of transcriptomic data highlights modulation of the cAMP and PI3K-Akt pathways, crucial for ADHD management.
• Integrating network pharmacology sheds light on the molecular mechanisms of LMNXD, paving the way for future ADHD interventions.