No distinct estrogenic or androgenic activity was observed in Korean Red Ginseng metabolites prepared using a S9 system

Key Points

• Korean Red Ginseng extract and ginsenosides showed no estrogen receptor-mediated activity, nor androgen receptor-mediated activity.
• In OECD TG455/458 assays, both KRG extract and ginsenosides Rb1, Rg1, and Rg3 failed to show any hormonal receptor responses.
• The assessment utilized an S9 metabolic activation system to evaluate the hormonal activity potential of KRG metabolites.
• These findings highlight that Korean Red Ginseng does not mimic sex hormone activity, which may influence its use in health products.