Large deformation mechanism and energy control method in carbonaceous sandy slate tunnel under high geostress

Key Points

• Large deformation mechanisms were identified in carbonaceous sandy slate tunnels, enhancing stability under high geostress conditions.
• Key metrics show significant improvements in tunnel integrity under extreme geostress, demonstrating successful energy control.
• Assessment using advanced analytical methods highlighted novel mechanisms that mitigate deformation risks in tunnel engineering.
• The findings imply potential advancements in construction practices for tunnels, particularly in challenging geological environments.