Epitaxially grown core–shell NaGdF4:Tm,Yb@NaGdF4:Ce,Tb nanoparticles exhibiting down- and up-conversion luminescence with multifunctional properties

Key Points

• Core-shell NaGdF4 nanoparticles exhibit both down-conversion and up-conversion luminescence, enhancing their utility in various applications.
• The nanoparticles were doped with Tm, Yb, Ce, and Tb, showing versatile luminescent properties, including energy transfer efficiencies.
• Analysis involved advanced epitaxial growth techniques to form core-shell structures, ensuring high-quality luminescence performance.
• These findings support the potential use of these nanoparticles in medical imaging and photonics, indicating a significant advancement in multifunctional material design.