Efficient removal of multiple low-level heavy metals by microcrystalline cellulose-based calcium carbonate/L-cysteine doped polyethyleneimine composite MCC@CaCO3/LPEI: Performance and mechanisms

Key Points

• Heavy metals such as lead and cadmium are efficiently removed using the composite, optimizing environmental safety.
• The composite achieved a maximum adsorption capacity of 150 mg/g for lead in laboratory conditions.
• Analysis of adsorption mechanisms reveals a significant role of microcrystalline cellulose as a binding agent.
• Results indicate that this composite may serve as a sustainable solution for heavy metal contamination in water.