Efficient degradation of tetracycline by PMS activation using N, P-doped hollow carbon spheres with spatial confinement effect

Key Points

• The degradation of tetracycline significantly increases with PMS activation, achieving over 90% removal efficiency.
• Key evidence demonstrates tetracycline removal through the spatial confinement effect in N, P-doped hollow carbon spheres.
• This study employs activation methods to explore the efficacy of doped carbon spheres on pollutant removal.
• Findings highlight the potential for using doped carbon materials in reducing pharmaceutical pollutants in the environment.