This research develops a specialized training model to enhance the shooting performance of beginner petanque players. Preliminary observations revealed that existing training models lacked focus and structure. The technical drills were conducted for a very short duration. Moreover, the lack of consistent coaching or supervision reduced the effectiveness of the training. To address these issues, the present study adopted a research and development (R&D) design to develop a more systematic and diverse model for shooting exercises. Model validation was achieved through consultations with experts in petanque and sports coaching. Data collection involved the use of questionnaires and evaluation forms. The samples were gathered from beginner petanque athletes at the YABNI Foundation in Padang City. They were selected using a total sampling method. Findings demonstrated that the newly designed model significantly improved training effectiveness, as reflected in an average respondent rating of 4.64 with a low standard deviation of 0.66. These figures indicate stable and consistent feedback. Additionally, both small-scale and large-scale trials produced highly positive outcomes, confirming that the model is suitable for practical implementation to enhance the shooting proficiency of beginner athletes. While the findings seem promising, several limitations should still be acknowledged. The limitations include the population level (limited to beginner athletes at the YABNI Foundation in Padang City), the short duration of the training model, and external variables such as weather conditions and individual motivation that were not fully controlled. In addition, the evaluation method remains subjective, relying on a questionnaire. Therefore, further research is recommended to involve a larger population over a longer research duration to assess its long-term effects. Implementing more objective evaluation methods, enriching mental training, and increasing supervision of trainers can also improve the effectiveness of this training model.
Susanto et al. (Sun,) studied this question.