Gel-mediated hybrid co-coagulation enables effective removal of toxin-producing Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii: Interfacial energy restructuring and flocs morphology reshaping

Key Points

• Effective removal of toxins achieved using gel-mediated hybrid co-coagulation, leading to healthier water.
• Interfacial energy restructuring resulted in optimal floc morphology, enhancing coagulation performance.
• The approach demonstrates a significant impact on toxin levels, facilitating better management of aquatic environments.
• Findings support the potential for improved water treatment strategies against harmful organisms like Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii.